簡婷

安科瑞電氣股份(fen)有限(xian)公司(si) 上海嘉定  201801

1、 光伏并(bing)網柜(ju)簡介

      分(fen)布式(shi)并網光(guang)伏系統(tong)是(shi)利(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)光(guang)伏組件將(jiang)太陽能(neng)(neng)直接轉(zhuan)變為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方式(shi)，并且能(neng)(neng)一(yi)(yi)定程度保證發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)穩定性(xing)、可靠性(xing)及供(gong)給配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)質量(liang)，是(shi)一(yi)(yi)種新(xin)型的(de)(de)、環保型且具有長遠發(fa)(fa)展前景(jing)的(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系統(tong)。該系統(tong)在用(yong)(yong)戶所在場地(di)或附近建(jian)(jian)設(she)運行，以用(yong)(yong)戶側自(zi)發(fa)(fa)自(zi)用(yong)(yong)為(wei)主、多余電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)上網且在配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網系統(tong)平衡(heng)調節為(wei)特征的(de)(de)光(guang)伏發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)施。它能(neng)(neng)夠(gou)就近逐步解決用(yong)(yong)戶的(de)(de)用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)問題，通過并網送去實現供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)差(cha)額的(de)(de)補(bu)償與外送。光(guang)伏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源處于用(yong)(yong)戶側，發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)供(gong)給當(dang)地(di)負荷，可以有效減少(shao)對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)依賴(lai)，減少(shao)線路損耗。通過借助建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)物表面，將(jiang)光(guang)伏蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池作(zuo)為(wei)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)材料(liao)，從而有效地(di)增加光(guang)伏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)的(de)(de)占地(di)面積。分(fen)布式(shi)光(guang)伏發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系統(tong)規模較小，可以根據實際要求進行建(jian)(jian)設(she)，建(jian)(jian)設(she)區(qu)域選擇性(xing)較大(da)，在未來能(neng)(neng)源綜合利(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)發(fa)(fa)展中有很大(da)的(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展空間(jian)。

      并網柜主(zhu)要(yao)由(you)刀閘(zha)、斷路(lu)器及有關(guan)的(de)(de)(de)控(kong)制(zhi)元件組(zu)(zu)成，由(you)于(yu)其連(lian)接(jie)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機系(xi)(xi)統(tong)和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網系(xi)(xi)統(tong)，安裝有完備(bei)的(de)(de)(de)并網保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)裝置，起到發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機并網作(zuo)用，而被稱為(wei)“并網柜"。 光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)并網柜作(zuo)為(wei)光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站的(de)(de)(de)總出(chu)口存在于(yu)光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)中，是(shi)連(lian)接(jie)光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網的(de)(de)(de)配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)裝置，可以保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)、計量光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)總量，方便故(gu)障檢修管理(li)，提(ti)高(gao)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)安全性(xing)和(he)經濟效益。具(ju)備(bei)檢失壓(ya)分閘(zha)、檢有壓(ya)合(he)閘(zha)、過流(liu)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)、過電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)、孤島保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)、防(fang)逆(ni)流(liu)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)、諧波治理(li)、無(wu)功補(bu)償等多項保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)功能(neng)，同時具(ju)備(bei)顯示(shi)光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)運行參(can)數(shu)和(he)狀態指(zhi)示(shi)，被廣泛運用于(yu)光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)，與光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)并網逆(ni)變(bian)器配(pei)套(tao)使(shi)用可組(zu)(zu)成一套(tao)完整(zheng)的(de)(de)(de)光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)解決方案。

2、 光伏并網(wang)柜綜合(he)監測解決(jue)方案

      光伏(fu)并(bing)網(wang)(wang)柜(ju)在運(yun)行中，會(hui)出現電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)側電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓、頻率(lv)等(deng)方面的(de)(de)波動對本站(zhan)造成沖擊(ji)、負荷過(guo)高(gao)等(deng)現象，不(bu)僅會(hui)對電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)設(she)備造成損壞(huai)還會(hui)威脅到維護人(ren)員的(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)命(ming)安全。諧波問(wen)題是光伏(fu)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)主要問(wen)題，光伏(fu)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)使用(yong)交(jiao)、直流逆變(bian)器，由于(yu)逆變(bian)器是通(tong)過(guo)半導(dao)體功率(lv)開(kai)關的(de)(de)開(kai)通(tong)和關斷作用(yong)，把直流電(dian)(dian)(dian)轉變(bian)成交(jiao)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)，在此環節(jie)會(hui)產生(sheng)(sheng)諧波問(wen)題。另外(wai)由于(yu)光伏(fu)項目的(de)(de)不(bu)確(que)定(ding)性，造成輸(shu)出功率(lv)的(de)(de)隨機(ji)波動，導(dao)致電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)頻率(lv)偏差、電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓波動與(yu)閃變(bian)等(deng)。

針對上述情況，本(ben)(ben)解決(jue)方(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)利(li)用防孤島(dao)保(bao)護(hu)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)采集并網(wang)(wang)(wang)電(dian)壓(ya)、頻率(lv)及電(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)進(jin)線(xian)(xian)電(dian)流等信號，當發生孤島(dao)現象(xiang)時(shi)，快速(su)切除并網(wang)(wang)(wang)點，使本(ben)(ben)站與(yu)電(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)側快速(su)脫離。同時(shi)配置(zhi)(zhi)電(dian)能質量在線(xian)(xian)監測裝(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)，對電(dian)壓(ya)諧(xie)波(bo)、電(dian)壓(ya)波(bo)動與(yu)閃變、頻率(lv)偏差、電(dian)壓(ya)不平衡度、電(dian)壓(ya)暫降/暫升/短時(shi)中斷等進(jin)行(xing)實時(shi)監測。通過這兩種設備(bei)在光(guang)伏(fu)并網(wang)(wang)(wang)柜中的使用，為電(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)的可靠運行(xing)提供保(bao)障(zhang)。本(ben)(ben)解決(jue)方(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)設備(bei)配置(zhi)(zhi)方(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)如表一。

表一 配置方案

3、 產品簡介

3.1 AM5SE-IS微機保護裝置

      AM5SE-IS防孤(gu)島(dao)保護裝置主(zhu)要適用于35kV、10kV及低(di)壓380V光伏發電、燃氣(qi)發電等新能源(yuan)并(bing)網(wang)(wang)供電系統。當(dang)發生孤(gu)島(dao)現象時，可以快速切除并(bing)網(wang)(wang)點(dian)，使本(ben)站(zhan)與(yu)電網(wang)(wang)側快速脫離，保證(zheng)整個(ge)電站(zhan)和(he)相關維護人員的(de)生命安全。

技術參數

主要功能

外形及開孔尺寸

安裝方法

      裝置(zhi)采用面(mian)(mian)(mian)板(ban)嵌入式(shi)安裝，首先(xian)在屏體(ti)面(mian)(mian)(mian)板(ban)上按(an)開孔尺寸開孔，如圖1。再(zai)將裝置(zhi)按(an)圖2所示放入開孔中，直到裝置(zhi)面(mian)(mian)(mian)板(ban)靠(kao)住機柜的面(mian)(mian)(mian)板(ban)。將支架(jia)放置(zhi)于(yu)機柜面(mian)(mian)(mian)板(ban)的內部（上下(xia)各有一(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)支架(jia)），如圖3，旋轉(zhuan)4個(ge)(ge)(ge)固定螺絲，使裝置(zhi)牢固固定在機柜面(mian)(mian)(mian)板(ban)上，后蓋(gai)上4個(ge)(ge)(ge)翻(fan)蓋(gai)即可。（翻(fan)蓋(gai)上方有小(xiao)缺口，拆卸(xie)時(shi)需用一(yi)字螺絲刀插(cha)入小(xiao)缺口將翻(fan)蓋(gai)取(qu)下(xia)。）

3.2 APView500電能質量在線監測裝置

       APView500電(dian)能質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)在(zai)線(xian)監測(ce)(ce)(ce)裝置集諧波分析、波形(xing)采樣、電(dian)壓暫(zan)降/暫(zan)升/中(zhong)斷、閃變(bian)監測(ce)(ce)(ce)、電(dian)壓不平衡度監測(ce)(ce)(ce)、事件記(ji)錄、測(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)控制等功(gong)能為一(yi)體。能夠滿足110kV及以下(xia)供(gong)電(dian)系統電(dian)能質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)監測(ce)(ce)(ce)的(de)要求，廣(guang)泛適(shi)用于化工、鋼鐵、冶金(jin)、醫院、數據中(zhong)心、交通建筑等行(xing)業的(de)電(dian)能質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)監測(ce)(ce)(ce)。

作者簡介：簡婷，女，本科(ke)，現就(jiu)職(zhi)于(yu)安科(ke)瑞電(dian)氣股份有限公(gong)司，主要研究(jiu)方向(xiang)為建筑(zhu)能耗監測系統(tong)。